you can do this, I'm basically doing this right now. They spend all day outside, and go inside during the cold nights into my sun room and under artificial lights, and they go out in the morning. I only have 13 1/2 hours of light right now, so May 20th they go out at a full-time at 14 hours and temps above 55 at night. I've been cloning them so far with no problems. Clone dome has to go indoors, and when you transplant into pots from the dome, it also has to be indoors. They will wilt and die a few minutes outside of the dome when exposed to the dry wind.
Whatever outdoor clones you cut, should go back outdoors once they are repotted, they can bring pests and disease into your indoor garden. But some of my healthiest indoor cuts I've ever had came from outdoor moms. I haven't had a bad experience yet, but I rarely do it.