Coffeeshops: Damkring has an awesome selection of both weed and hash as well as a great environment. The basement of the White Dolphin is Awesome too, the walls are all painted and decorated to look like you are in an underwater reef. You can buy up to 5 grams/visit but I just bought a gram or 2 at a time at each shop.
A word of advice about the weed, It's easily twice as strong as most anything you will find in the states or canada. Keep that in mind.
For food. GO TO THE BURGER BAR!!! It is on a side street in the red light district (ask directions if you cant find it) I had literally the BEST burger I've ever had in my life at this place, and the staff there were all really cool. Do not miss this place.
For touristy stuff, The Van Gogh museum is pretty cool, and there is the anne frank house. Cirque du soliel was there when I went, I highly recommend that. Don't bother with the wax museum. It's just kinda meh unless you are really into that sort of thing I guess. There is the Heineken experience too, but it was being rennovated when I visited.
If you want to go out drinking, there are people on the street that hand out flyers for pub crawls sometimes. I went to one with a friend. It was 15 euros and we went to 7 bars. Free vodka shooters at the first bar and at the door to each other bar as well as a free beer at each bar is well worth the money.
Do NOT try and buy drugs of any kind from anyone on the street, especially in the red light district. Nobody actually has any, they just take your money and split. I didn't have much trouble waling around the streets at night alone. One guy was nice enough to offer me a toke off his crack pipe, it took a few minutes to convince him I didn't need any.