Do LED Lights Really Improve Yield?

Unfortunately my personal experience has not lined up perfectly with most "scientific" studies. Seems to me, and I could be wrong. Most of the time people have these studies to prove a point, meaning they have a desired result already in mind before hand, and either subconsciously or purposely, exaggerated anything that supports their predisposed ideals, while ignoring anything against them.
 
Hello all,

I've watched a few friends used HPS for years, but I'm considering using LED. There’s a lot of hype about higher yields and better energy efficiency. Is it worth the investment? Would love to hear real-world experiences.

Inputs would be appreciated.
Is it worth the investment?
Depends on why you grow and what is your goal and situation. And also how much youre willing to invest in effort and money. Leds have gotten a lot cheaper than they used to be.

Leds require a bit more of the grower in my opinion - you need to have tighter control over environment and understand how to really push your plants. Main issue is if its too cold in your grow area, if you have to add a big heater while dropping your lighting watts the energy efficiency as a total may not be that great. But you can definitely yield better with leds than hps, both totals/per area and g/w of lighting.

Some people take issue with the quality of led grown weed some dont. Seems like some strains and cuts lend themselves better or worse to leds.

Some growers find that mixed HID and leds give them the best results - in this case youd want to make sure to have your lightsources properly mixed; not one hps on one side and another side with leds: hid grown crave cold while leds crave heat.
 
I gave LED a try. Honestly, I’m glad I did lower power bills, less heat, and my yields didn’t suffer. I wasn't sure either until CropKings and RocketSeeds gave me some good suggestions.:p:p
 
Unfortunately my personal experience has not lined up perfectly with most "scientific" studies. Seems to me, and I could be wrong. Most of the time people have these studies to prove a point, meaning they have a desired result already in mind before hand, and either subconsciously or purposely, exaggerated anything that supports their predisposed ideals, while ignoring anything against them.
same here, most of the studies i read i end up laughing by the end, same with this one posted.
 
Is it worth the investment?
Depends on why you grow and what is your goal and situation. And also how much youre willing to invest in effort and money. Leds have gotten a lot cheaper than they used to be.

Leds require a bit more of the grower in my opinion - you need to have tighter control over environment and understand how to really push your plants. Main issue is if its too cold in your grow area, if you have to add a big heater while dropping your lighting watts the energy efficiency as a total may not be that great. But you can definitely yield better with leds than hps, both totals/per area and g/w of lighting.

Some people take issue with the quality of led grown weed some dont. Seems like some strains and cuts lend themselves better or worse to leds.

Some growers find that mixed HID and leds give them the best results - in this case youd want to make sure to have your lightsources properly mixed; not one hps on one side and another side with leds: hid grown crave cold while leds crave heat.
for me, taste test, i can normally tell it its grown in water or soil, its why i generally dislike hydro weed
 
for me, taste test, i can normally tell it its grown in water or soil, its why i generally dislike hydro weed
Never grown in water so not had the chance to do proper blinds tests and clubs around here dont generally list grow media.

But incidentally done a lot of side by sides in coco with different tuned led lights- up to the point where you started to notice patterns in the taste. In blind tests it was impossible to miss which light had added violet/uv and what was just plain white. Also quite easy to recognize which bud had been grown with green heavy and which was grown with a full and wide red supplement in comparison to just the standard 660nm red spike.
 
im reading over these documents, these trials looked solid was wondering if they used clones, seeds, ect. seems like they used tissue cultures for the testings which is good. edit seems like different wordage a few times, some times they say rooted cuttings
Most research is done on "clones" since that removes genetic variation from the equation. If they refer to "rooted cuttings", I'd assume that to be the same as a clone.

I can think of only one paper that was done where they didn't run CO2 and, amazingly, that study took light levels up to 1800µmol.
 
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Most research is done on "clones" since that removes genetic variation from the equation. If they refer to "rooted cuttings", I'd assume that to be the same as a clone.

I can think of only one paper that was done where they didn't run CO2 and, amazingly, that study took light levels up to 1800µmol.
the problem with testing is it takes so much to prove anything, while they could have proved alot they also only tested 1 set of genetics, and personally i would rather of them tested tissue culture and not clones, since even tho same genetics it also varies depending on cuts since they wont all be the same
 
Research shows that spectrum has little to do with yield. As the percentage of blue photons increases, yield decreases (see attached).

In terms of LED's increasing yield, I think the attached paper documents that HPS results in higher yield but the cost of running an HPS over N years is so much higher than an LED light that using HPS can't be justified on a cost basis.

The main issue with spectrum its impact on plant morphology—blue makes plants short and compact, red "encourages growth" (red diodes are very electrically efficient), and far red tends to increase stem elongation so it can help offset the impact of blue photons in a "white" LED.

Many LED are sold as "HPS replacements" and they have a PPFD map with a lot of light in the center but a rapid fall off once you move off center. That allows a company to create a "750 watt" LED at a low price. Growers coming from HPS don't know about PPFD maps so they don't know the difference.

Companies light Spider, Mars, and Migro (and Growcraft, before they went belly up), put the engineering into creating lights that have a more even PPFD map. The engineering and the additional diodes are cost drivers but they, unquestionably, can produce a higher yield.

Most growers don't get the extra yield because they don't give their plants enough light to maximize yield (bud quality and yield quality increase as PPFD increases, though they max out at lower levels). That's a huge issue—if you want to just grow some weed, a lower priced light, with. "hot spot" PPFD map will save you a few hundred dollars. If you want to go for a light with an even PPFD map and will turn up the dimmer, assuming that your grow environment is sound, your chances are very high of at least meeting the seed seller's estimates, which tend to be in the 450-650gm/sqare meter range.

There is no magic to that. We know how cannabis reacts to light, in terms of yield. There's scads of research on that and the results are consistent. It takes 9 photons to make 1 molecule of carbon so if you only provide a modest number of photons, a cannabis plant cannot grow as well as a plant that gets a lot of photons (as long as light is the limiting factor and all other things being equal).

The Frontiers paper is a few years old and is unusual because the research was done in ambient CO2.

To your question—I think in the "Decreasing Blue Photons…" paper HPS will produced more weed but the electricity required is much higher. (I've never even entertained the idea of using HPS.)

I grow for crop yield, crop quality, and bud quality. My buds plants are big, the yields are high but the buds are not the small, cute bud of the month buds. If I was growing in a 4' x 4' tent, in ambient or enhanced CO2, I'd go with a a pair of Spider Farmer G4500's, which are for 2' x 4' tents, and would add a set of Spider Glow R80's to the G4500.

The two light setup gives you some redundancy, they're light and easy to maneuver, and they allow you to improve the light cast because you can set the lights at different heights. The R80's add 80 watts of 660nm light which helps boost the percentage of red light. I've run a few sets of lights through chatGPT and the spectral balance of those lights is really quite something.

I added the R80's to my Growcraft X3 flower light last year and got just the light I was looking for. If I were to continue to grow, I'd DX my Growcraft and go with the G4500. I simply can't find a better combination of spectrum (to shape the plants), PPFD output, and PPFD map unless I go to something like the behemoths at grandmaster.com which are far more expensive (though I'd go with them if I was going with CO2 and wanted to put that kind of money into a grow setup).

Long answer but we're all well served by a significant discussion.
Heres 1 Bud/Branch actually., 58 grams dried-trimmed from a 2010 Barneys Farm G13 x Haze, grown in 14 gallons Promix BX, and got 22oz. All I did was bend it over, and shake it a bit everday, to create physical stress. No Defoliation. No Topping, of any kind. After it got growing good, I just bent it over, and trained it to grow into a huge bush. 1 plant took up the whole 4 x 4 at 45 day veg. 4x stretch after flip. I didnt mess with the growing tip either. I bent it starting about 10% from the top, as messing with the tip with slow forward growth, and force lowers, but bending it, already blasts the lowers, and I rely on the stretch, which can also reduce veg time.

This branch was about 21 inches long. There were 22oz worth like this.
Was also started as clone, vegged under 1000w Hortilux HPS 45 days.

OyNomcU.jpg
 
Im a 1000w Halide 5500k-6000k kind of guy myself. No doubt, HPS will produce more, but there is mounting evidence heavy Blue during flowering, produces more varied chemical profiles, and more varied plant morphology.
Hotrilux has advertised this for year with their 5500k Hortilux Blue. It has also been used for medical research, because of this.

I also kind of digress that LED, are more efficient.

One Question is, how can a light be more efficient, for producing the fullest spectrum possible, that is like the sun, and basically omit the Invisible Spectrum, when 55%, of the Suns Energy, comes from Invisible spectrum? I agree LED has a better overall foot print. But a Hortilux Blue/5500k, and the MMS 1000w Have a spectrum of 280nm-2000+nm, and the same K rating as the sun, at midday.
Also agree both work, and if one lives in a hot climate, and struggle with heat? LED ARE MORE LOGICAL.

What one can do to supply heavier Blue with LED, would be to use ether a Solacure 10,000k UVA/B lamp(s), and a couple of Reptile Infrared Lamps. One need not run the Solacure more than 4 hours per day, or less depending on height from canopy. May not need to run the infrared more than 8-10 hours.

I respect your preference for HID, but there's a lot here that feels more like opinion than evidence. Let's clear a few things up:

1. Spectrum ≠ Efficiency.
Saying a light is "more efficient" because it emits more wavelengths, including infrared and UV, misunderstands how plants use light. Over 90% of useful photosynthesis happens in the PAR range (400–700nm). Beyond that, far-red and UVA can play roles, but just emitting a wider spectrum doesn't mean the energy is efficiently used by the plant.

2. CCT (Kelvin rating) doesn't tell the whole story.
Having a "5500K" bulb doesn't mean it's like the sun. The sun’s spectral power distribution is continuous across a wide range, but metal halides don’t come close to replicating its intensity, balance, or total radiance. LEDs can be engineered to closely target the most productive ranges of the spectrum without wasting energy on heat or unusable wavelengths.

3. Efficiency of LEDs is proven.
Modern LEDs regularly hit 2.5–3.0+ umol/J, compared to HPS or MH which hover around 1.0–1.5 umol/J. That means less electricity for the same, or more, yield, with much less heat.

4. Varied chemotypes ≠ blue light alone.
While light spectrum can affect secondary metabolite production (like terpenes), it’s a complex interplay of many variables, genetics, light intensity, duration, temperature, stress, etc. Blue light alone doesn’t guarantee better chemotypes. If it did, everyone would be flooding flowering rooms with blue-heavy LEDs and getting pharmaceutical-grade output, but it doesn’t work that way.

5. Supplementing UVA/IR with specialty lights makes sense, but that’s a bonus.
If you’re adding reptile bulbs and Solacure lamps, you’re basically turning your grow into a Frankenstein LED + HID + exotic-bulb hybrid just to recreate what modern full-spectrum LED boards already offer, efficiently. You're spending more for less efficiency.

At the end of the day, if HID works for you, that’s fine, but let’s not pretend it’s superior or more efficient just because it emits more total spectrum. The key is what the plant actually uses, and how efficiently the fixture delivers it. LEDs win that battle, hands down, with real-world data to back it up.
 
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I respect your preference for HID, but there's a lot here that feels more like opinion than evidence. Let's clear a few things up:

1. Spectrum ≠ Efficiency.
Saying a light is "more efficient" because it emits more wavelengths, including infrared and UV, misunderstands how plants use light. Over 90% of useful photosynthesis happens in the PAR range (400–700nm). Beyond that, far-red and UVA can play roles, but just emitting a wider spectrum doesn't mean the energy is efficiently used by the plant.

2. CCT (Kelvin rating) doesn't tell the whole story.
Having a "5500K" bulb doesn't mean it's like the sun. The sun’s spectral power distribution is continuous across a wide range, but metal halides don’t come close to replicating its intensity, balance, or total radiance. LEDs can be engineered to closely target the most productive ranges of the spectrum without wasting energy on heat or unusable wavelengths.

3. Efficiency of LEDs is proven.
Modern LEDs regularly hit 2.5–3.0+ umol/J, compared to HPS or MH which hover around 1.0–1.5 umol/J. That means less electricity for the same, or more, yield, with much less heat.

4. Varied chemotypes ≠ blue light alone.
While light spectrum can affect secondary metabolite production (like terpenes), it’s a complex interplay of many variables, genetics, light intensity, duration, temperature, stress, etc. Blue light alone doesn’t guarantee better chemotypes. If it did, everyone would be flooding flowering rooms with blue-heavy LEDs and getting pharmaceutical-grade output, but it doesn’t work that way.

5. Supplementing UVA/IR with specialty lights makes sense, but that’s a bonus.
If you’re adding reptile bulbs and Solacure lamps, you’re basically turning your grow into a Frankenstein LED + HID + exotic-bulb hybrid just to recreate what modern full-spectrum LED boards already offer, efficiently. You're spending more for less efficiency.

At the end of the day, if HID works for you, that’s fine, but let’s not pretend it’s superior or more efficient just because it emits more total spectrum. The key is what the plant actually uses, and how efficiently the fixture delivers it. LEDs win that battle, hands down, with real-world data to back it up.
Weight doesnt tell the whole story.

Spectrum does make a difference, and the latest research says UVA/B can/does have a huge influence on chemical production.

The addition of UVA/B increased certain terpenes by 29% for Linalool, 25% Limonene, Myrcene 22%

January 1st, 2025.

themarijuanaherald.com
https://themarijuanaherald.com › study-uv...

Study: UV Light Intensity and Spectrum Influence Cannabis Growth …

Notably, the UV treatment labeled L3_1, which emitted UVA:B at a 99:1 ratio and an intensity of 1.81 W/m², increased concentrations of key terpenes. Compared to the control group without …


Study: UV Light Intensity and Spectrum Influence Cannabis Growth and Terpene Profiles​

A​



The study tested three UV light spectra at five intensity levels, analyzing their effects on photomorphogenesis, inflorescence yield, and the chemical profile of cannabis. While none of the UV treatments altered cannabinoid concentrations, significant changes were observed in terpene profiles under certain conditions.

Notably, the UV treatment labeled L3_1, which emitted UVA:B at a 99:1 ratio and an intensity of 1.81 W/m², increased concentrations of key terpenes. Compared to the control group without UV exposure, linalool rose by 29%, limonene by 25%, and myrcene by 22%. This treatment maintained consistent yield and cannabinoid levels, making it the most practical option for commercial cannabis cultivation.

Additionally, UV exposure affected growth and leaf morphology. Higher UVA levels increased leaf area, while elevated UVB levels resulted in smaller leaves. However, only the L3_1 treatment was deemed viable for large-scale cultivation due to its ability to enhance terpene profiles without compromising plant yield or cannabinoid content.

The findings suggest that selective use of UV light could help optimize terpene production in cannabis, offering potential benefits for both growers and consumers.

Below is the study’s full abstract. The full text of the study can be found here.

The raising economic importance of cannabis arouses interest in positively influencing the secondary plant constituents through external stimuli. One potential possibility to enhance the secondary metabolite profile is the use of UV light. In this study, the influence of spectral UV quality at different intensity levels on photomorphogenesis, growth, inflorescence yield, and secondary metabolite composition was investigated. Three UV spectra with five different intensities were considered: L1 (UVA:B = 67:33, 4.2 W/m2), L2 (UVA:B = 94:6, 4.99 W/m2), L3_1 (UVA:B = 99:1, 1.81 W/m2), L3_2 (UVA:B = 99:1, 4.12 W/m2) and L3_3 (UVA:B = 99:1, 8.36 W/m2). None of the investigated UV treatments altered the cannabinoid profile. Regarding the terpenes investigated, light variant L3_1 was able to positively influence the terpene profile. Especially linalool (+29%), limonene (+25%) and myrcene (+22%) showed an increase, compared to the control group without UV treatment. Growth and leaf morphology also showed significant changes compared to the control. While a high UVA share increased the leaf area, a higher UVB share led to a smaller leaf area. Of the UV sources examined, only L3_1 with 1.81 W/m2 and a radiation dose of 117.3 kJ m2 d-1 is suitable for practical use in commercial cannabis cultivation. The terpene concentration for this group was in part significantly increased with constant yield and cannabinoid concentration.
 
Weight doesnt tell the whole story.

Spectrum does make a difference, and the latest research says UVA/B can/does have a huge influence on chemical production.

The addition of UVA/B increased certain terpenes by 29% for Linalool, 25% Limonene, Myrcene 22%

January 1st, 2025.

themarijuanaherald.com
https://themarijuanaherald.com › study-uv...

Study: UV Light Intensity and Spectrum Influence Cannabis Growth …

Notably, the UV treatment labeled L3_1, which emitted UVA:B at a 99:1 ratio and an intensity of 1.81 W/m², increased concentrations of key terpenes. Compared to the control group without …


Study: UV Light Intensity and Spectrum Influence Cannabis Growth and Terpene Profiles​

A​



The study tested three UV light spectra at five intensity levels, analyzing their effects on photomorphogenesis, inflorescence yield, and the chemical profile of cannabis. While none of the UV treatments altered cannabinoid concentrations, significant changes were observed in terpene profiles under certain conditions.

Notably, the UV treatment labeled L3_1, which emitted UVA:B at a 99:1 ratio and an intensity of 1.81 W/m², increased concentrations of key terpenes. Compared to the control group without UV exposure, linalool rose by 29%, limonene by 25%, and myrcene by 22%. This treatment maintained consistent yield and cannabinoid levels, making it the most practical option for commercial cannabis cultivation.

Additionally, UV exposure affected growth and leaf morphology. Higher UVA levels increased leaf area, while elevated UVB levels resulted in smaller leaves. However, only the L3_1 treatment was deemed viable for large-scale cultivation due to its ability to enhance terpene profiles without compromising plant yield or cannabinoid content.

The findings suggest that selective use of UV light could help optimize terpene production in cannabis, offering potential benefits for both growers and consumers.

Below is the study’s full abstract. The full text of the study can be found here.

Thanks for the link to the study, but I don’t see how it validates your claim that supplementing with more blue light improves quality or that 5500k HID grows higher quality buds. And just to clarify, I never said spectrum doesn’t matter or that UV is useless. What I said is that efficiency isn’t determined by how much of the spectrum you emit, but by how well that energy is used by the plant, especially in the PAR range.

Regarding the UV study, you’re referencing a very specific UVA:B ratio of 99:1 at 1.81 w/m squared, which is interesting for discussion, but completely different from what you'd get from a 5500K CMH or metal halide. Those bulbs emit very little UVB, and what little they do emit is typically blocked by the arc tube or outer glass jacket, making it practically impossible to achieve anything close to that ratio in a controlled or measurable way. The study did not throw out a blanket statement that said any amount of UV is beneficial, infact the study says that UV can actually be detrimental if not used in a controlled way.

Ironically, it’s actually easier to approximate that UV balance with modern LED setups. For example, combining UVA diodes with a low-output reptile UVB bulb gives you far more control over both spectrum and intensity. That’s much more practical for a home grower than trying to guess what you're getting from a CMH. And even then, without the proper measurement tools, there’s no meaningful way to know if you’re hitting the target ratios at all.

Also worth repeating, the study showed no increase in cannabinoid content, only an increase in terpenes, and only under that very specific condition.

So again, yes, spectrum and UV matter. But efficiency, control, and repeatability matter more. And that’s why LED still makes more sense for most growers.
 
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